Considered from the standpoint of Freud's work, the first of the psychoanalytic treatment of childhood psychosis is not an extreme that Freud himself never crossed. We know Freud's reluctance to even consider the possibility of performing the analysis of psychotic adult subjects, having tried himself, quite early, to make such treatment [1] . Thereafter it is difficult to define and conceptualize the possible modalities of such treatment which Freud held to consider the psychosis as an indication of psychoanalytic treatment, which does not prevent him from taking a step in this direction by studying the case of Schreber, a form of "exit" possible deadlock psychotic.
As for psychosis in the subject child, even without going so far as to consider the treatment, Freud did not mention in his work could be located in the clinical record, although one can not avoid noticing that 'progressive individualization of clinical entities, variously named, was contemporary of the last thirty years of life and work of Freud. Thus it was a custom dating from 1908 highlighting a clinical entity from the Register of infantile psychosis-which is not limited to statements of idiocy, retardation or dementia before-described, is by Sancte de Sanctis it was effected in the form of dementia précocissime, following the description in 1899 of dementia praecox by Kraepelin.
note in passing that this description is contemporary treatment, via his father, Little Hans and his phobia (1908, published 1909) or, in our knowledge, the first contribution-Freudian psychoanalysis or even the first contribution more generally to the psychoanalytic treatment of children.
It was not until 1930 that the first contribution to the psychoanalytic treatment of a psychotic child, the light of day, as the story of the cure Dick by Melanie Klein. Here we see the formation of a specific child's first and especially the psychotic child, which shifts radically from the adult child about the target and the terms of the first psychosis. There is perhaps no coincidence that a few years to just after this article by Melanie Klein [2] that the description of adultomorphe Sancte de Sanctis has been scanned by the description of childhood schizophrenia by Howard Potter (1933) and its formalization and description of its clinical variety (1937, Louise Despert, Lauretta Bender). However, the description by Kanner's infantile autism early, dating from 1943, after the death of Freud.
The description of the treatment of Dick by Melanie Klein launches a history, now spans more than three quarters of a century, during which the interest of psychoanalysts to the individual treatment of infantile psychosis did not declined, as evidenced by the considerable volume of contributions published on this subject, and the number of children who have benefited from this treatment, some now adults and living outside an institution.
In fact, within this corpus, we had to make a selection. We chose to confine our study to the fields opened by the psychoanalytic work of Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan, who found the original intention as a limit that can not work around, although it is more likely in the lineage of Ego psychology U.S., the work of Margaret Mahler, essential work, as clinical and therapeutic [3] , recovery and cited by many post-Kleinian authors, beginning with Frances Tustin.
Regarding the clinical spectrum concerned by our study, we chose to treat infantile psychoses here in the broadest sense that we can give to this term, that is to say that our study concerns both autistic-type organizations that organizations psychotic qualified according to the authors of infantile schizophrenia, or more recently, pervasive developmental disorders. We also include in our field subjects diagnosed borderline or high deficiency emotional.
Our vision here is not to order nosographic we want, about the diagnosis, rule out any restriction other than to remain in the field of psychosis: the different diagnostic and psychopathological considerations, classifications, if any, will be presented, are the reflection of each author. These considerations are often the result of a need for internal consistency to systems developed and studied clinical cases.
But we tried, for each current, generate a little more specific data on the psychosis of a side autism and the other, since it appears that often distinctions or nuances that differentiate in part reflected the two fields in both the psychopathology in treatment modalities
Finally, as to the child organizations psychotic which will be discussed, note that we chose to limit ourselves to diseases that claim before the period known as latency. In most cases presented here, taken or not literature, early support is often taken prior to the sixth year of the child. Our study therefore relates to subjects with impaired very early, which excludes psychotic disorders appearing in adolescence or at puberty [4] .
We took advantage of treating the various concepts by author sequencing is chronological and epistemological: we therefore deal first contributions older, but for those who are more or less contemporary with each other, the order depend, to the extent possible, the influence they have exerted on one another, so that we can also grasp the overall movement of reflection of the current in which they are located.
This study is divided into two main sections. The first relates to psychopathology, which we will present, in terms of child psychosis, essential systems of each author, or more modestly, some of them, their specific contribution to the field before us; we discuss in the same movement elements nosographic eventually developed into the currents involved.
Then in a second step, we will study the data on specific modalities for the treatment of infantile psychoses, citing clinical cases from the literature to illustrate our point.
As for psychosis in the subject child, even without going so far as to consider the treatment, Freud did not mention in his work could be located in the clinical record, although one can not avoid noticing that 'progressive individualization of clinical entities, variously named, was contemporary of the last thirty years of life and work of Freud. Thus it was a custom dating from 1908 highlighting a clinical entity from the Register of infantile psychosis-which is not limited to statements of idiocy, retardation or dementia before-described, is by Sancte de Sanctis it was effected in the form of dementia précocissime, following the description in 1899 of dementia praecox by Kraepelin.
note in passing that this description is contemporary treatment, via his father, Little Hans and his phobia (1908, published 1909) or, in our knowledge, the first contribution-Freudian psychoanalysis or even the first contribution more generally to the psychoanalytic treatment of children.
It was not until 1930 that the first contribution to the psychoanalytic treatment of a psychotic child, the light of day, as the story of the cure Dick by Melanie Klein. Here we see the formation of a specific child's first and especially the psychotic child, which shifts radically from the adult child about the target and the terms of the first psychosis. There is perhaps no coincidence that a few years to just after this article by Melanie Klein [2] that the description of adultomorphe Sancte de Sanctis has been scanned by the description of childhood schizophrenia by Howard Potter (1933) and its formalization and description of its clinical variety (1937, Louise Despert, Lauretta Bender). However, the description by Kanner's infantile autism early, dating from 1943, after the death of Freud.
The description of the treatment of Dick by Melanie Klein launches a history, now spans more than three quarters of a century, during which the interest of psychoanalysts to the individual treatment of infantile psychosis did not declined, as evidenced by the considerable volume of contributions published on this subject, and the number of children who have benefited from this treatment, some now adults and living outside an institution.
In fact, within this corpus, we had to make a selection. We chose to confine our study to the fields opened by the psychoanalytic work of Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan, who found the original intention as a limit that can not work around, although it is more likely in the lineage of Ego psychology U.S., the work of Margaret Mahler, essential work, as clinical and therapeutic [3] , recovery and cited by many post-Kleinian authors, beginning with Frances Tustin.
Regarding the clinical spectrum concerned by our study, we chose to treat infantile psychoses here in the broadest sense that we can give to this term, that is to say that our study concerns both autistic-type organizations that organizations psychotic qualified according to the authors of infantile schizophrenia, or more recently, pervasive developmental disorders. We also include in our field subjects diagnosed borderline or high deficiency emotional.
Our vision here is not to order nosographic we want, about the diagnosis, rule out any restriction other than to remain in the field of psychosis: the different diagnostic and psychopathological considerations, classifications, if any, will be presented, are the reflection of each author. These considerations are often the result of a need for internal consistency to systems developed and studied clinical cases.
But we tried, for each current, generate a little more specific data on the psychosis of a side autism and the other, since it appears that often distinctions or nuances that differentiate in part reflected the two fields in both the psychopathology in treatment modalities
Finally, as to the child organizations psychotic which will be discussed, note that we chose to limit ourselves to diseases that claim before the period known as latency. In most cases presented here, taken or not literature, early support is often taken prior to the sixth year of the child. Our study therefore relates to subjects with impaired very early, which excludes psychotic disorders appearing in adolescence or at puberty [4] .
We took advantage of treating the various concepts by author sequencing is chronological and epistemological: we therefore deal first contributions older, but for those who are more or less contemporary with each other, the order depend, to the extent possible, the influence they have exerted on one another, so that we can also grasp the overall movement of reflection of the current in which they are located.
This study is divided into two main sections. The first relates to psychopathology, which we will present, in terms of child psychosis, essential systems of each author, or more modestly, some of them, their specific contribution to the field before us; we discuss in the same movement elements nosographic eventually developed into the currents involved.
Then in a second step, we will study the data on specific modalities for the treatment of infantile psychoses, citing clinical cases from the literature to illustrate our point.
[1] Mrs. P. cf. FREUD, S. (1896). "Further remarks on the neuro-psychoses of defense." Neurosis, psychosis and perversion. Paris: PUF, 2002 72-81.
[2] KLEIN, M. (1930). "The importance of symbol formation in the development of the ego." Tests of psychoanalysis. Paris: Payot, 1968, p. 263-278.
[3] noted that the work of Bettelheim, while important in the field of autism, beyond the scope of this study insofar as it articulates with institutional practice and not specific individual .
[4] We will, however, led in terms of psychopathology, to mention a few cases of adults and adolescents from the literature, because of the interest they may have for the study and exposure of certain psychopathological dimensions.
0 comments:
Post a Comment